JAD: Or very many of them right at all, but, you know, his basic idea seems to be true. That's my little girl. And he says, "This isn't a nuptial pad, it looks darkened but that's just ink.". BARBARA HARRIS: He wasn't a little happy baby. Kinda makes me claustrophobic. PAT: She did. ], [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: To any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have no more babies. He's not even eating at all. This is spooky because it's like JAD: It means what if grandpa has a bad day? She and I snuck away from the children into her office. Putting this into context, you know, you have a rat mom and they have about 16 to 20 babies. More what kind of stuff? ], [ARCHIVAL Clip, Panel: Sterilized? MICHAEL MEANEY: Known as transcription factors. In this episode, originally aired in 2012, we put nature and nurture on a co JAD: Started with the tongue. You know, you've got all these chemicals around. He was a born nurturer and he adored animals. If the genes are the bottom floor, then this layer on top is sometimes called the epigenome and that thing can change based on your experiences. But it failed. PAT: The way she saw it, the state, the federal government, somebody BARBARA HARRIS: Should say, "You're not doing this. To learn more about higher level giving opportunities please contact the Development Office at giving@nypublicradio.org or (646) 829-4130. You just haven't evolved for this and there's no way you can, at least not quickly. So they can grab onto the female and hold tight while they're mating. JAD: In any case, these books tell you when each of these folks died, how they died. SAM KEAN: And these effects, in fact, were so strong that you could trace it to the grandfather. I mean, youre just youre saying a lot of things that are really impressive. His big idea, as you might know, is that what a person does in their lifetime could be directly passed to their kids. He's not just talking about toads anymore, he's gone way beyond toads. JAD: What can't you? He was really one of the first grand theorists in biology. Well, I mean, Hitler thought that if you were Jewish, that you had given up the right to be a mother and hed sterilize people as well. I'm going to graduate with honors and one day I'm going to be able to tell her, "Look, I did this. We spay them. Is it a big town? CARL ZIMMER: The right hand had been cut off for microscopic slides. JAD: Is that a genetic hatred of whistling that I just had? Radiolab is on a curiosity bender. CARL ZIMMER: He was born in 1880 in Vienna, Jewish family. ], I'd like everybody to meet, please, Barbara Harris. They all go down to the DNA, surround that methyl and just, pow! That was the implication, except Kammerer tried to defend himself by saying "Do you think I'm a Dummkopf, or an idiot, because that's what I would have to be if I left a forgery with ink standing around openly in the laboratory where so many of my enemies would have entry?". I make a difference to her. PAT: As Barbara made the rounds on the daytime talk shows, the reaction was split right down the middle. What can't you? Inheritance, what you can move on to the next generation and what you can't. JAD: They suddenly had to get by on a tiny fraction of the food that they were used to. How much of you will echo into the future and how much of you won't? That's Sam Kean again. Taylor Swift's Never Getting Back Together. Why would that happen? So were getting close to the moment of truth, because there it is. You know, they say it only takes one time. [foreign language]. Kalia came too. That doesn't matter. What exactly happens between 9 to 12 that makes this big difference? OLOV BYGREN: Methylations, phosphorylation, and so on. We are working to provide transcripts for as much of our programming as we can over time. PAT: And I told Destiny I was thinking about this and asked her about it. Well, there was an expert on reptiles named G. Kingsley Noble. Telling some genes to turn off now, other genes to turn on. And since Kammerer kept the heat up, toads basically had to stay there, in this watery place that they had not evolved for. PAT: Right away, people accused her of targeting women at their weakest moment and enabling their drug abuse. DESTINY HARRIS: And that could have very easily have been one of us. ROBERT: And to believe anything else, that's naive. PAT: And she says oftentimes the women who want help have a really hard time finding it. OLOV BYGREN: A lot of diagnoses actually. ROBERT: And that advantage, whatever it was, because it starts with one individual, and then it gets passed onto the kids, and then onto their kids, it would take a long, long, long time to spread through the whole population because, generally, that's how evolution works. DESTINY HARRIS: Are you going to kick it? ROBERT: But, this hour were gonna fight this sort of sad sack feeling of inevitability and impotence. He stuffed himself silly; 9, 10, 11 years old, so he's a happy grandpa, you the grandson, you then would have. ", PAT: In other words, "Could I pay women who have drug problems to stop having babies?". Not usually because it upsets people and I'm Canadian. My name is Jean Kean. [laughs[ Exactly. And I packed up my stuff, it's pretty much done. Oh, that's a lot of potatoes. That's the headline for his talk, and then CARL ZIMMER: Right below the headlines says, "Scientist's great discovery which may change us all.". They both say that they actually often forget that they're not biologically related. I agree with Lynn, that this program does perpetuate a stereotype. We had an expression here, "Dig where you stand." Its gonna get messy. I don't like to upset people. JAD: [laughs] Youre just just judo, that's all this is. At this really marvelous place called the Vivarium. More brain cells? This whole toad thing, to the Darwinian faction, it didn't scan really. JAD: Turning down a job that they'd offered him. You know, just take a little peek for themselves, and every time SAM KEAN: Kammerer said no, they were his specimens. JAD: See, this is the story of science that doesn't get told. You just have to weigh it, is it worth it? And those lucky ones, according to Darwin's theory, they would have had to have been born with some random mutation in their genes That gave them an advantage in this situation. ROBERT: According to Darwin, life and changes are ruled by chance. The kingdom archive. PEJK MALINOVSKI: This is the verkalix church parish record. BARBARA HARRIS: I decided to have a press conference in my front yard to announce what I was doing. So if they saw somebody who was starving as a kid in 1820, they could then see, "Well, when those people had children and grandchildren, did anything change? That was nice. SAM KEAN: And the key point is that it wasnt something inborn in them. And she told Barbara, "There's something you need to know about this baby.". Who are they? One parent stretching isnt going to do anything, see thats the bummer of Darwinian evolution. So for Isaiah, being born was like just being cut off. I have to be creative.". It might be a mixture. I'm trying to remember. But she says, you can tell right away, just by looking, that some rat moms don't lick their kids a lot. You can't see that on the radio but, hey, it's a fact of life. About 30 years ago-. Destiny says before she was born, her mom had four other girls. But luckily for the Vivarium and for our story, they had a guy. JAD: I mean, were not gonna do that ourselves. Here, Kammerer's was saying, "You can do this even on a physical level.". Listen Jan 20, 2023 CARL ZIMMER: And he makes a very careful study of this hand. At the Vivarium, as the name suggests, they have live animals. PAT: But were getting ahead of ourselves here. Radiolab Society & Culture Science Latest Transcripts What Up Holmes? Radiolab is supported in part by the National Science Foundation and by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. She's not offering treatment, she's not offering counseling, and there are programs that do that. Instead of dying at 40, I'd live to 70? We talked to her for a little while and At a certain point the social worker pulls out a stack of papers. JAD: And I know fate is gonna give them a couple random mutations in those genes. As he's doing his rounds, he stops by the midwife toad terrarium, he looks down at that little male toad with grapes stuck to his legs and he wonders, "How adaptable is that little guy?" JAD: It makes a kind of common sense, really. SAM KEAN: Really slowly, gradually, achingly slowly. ], I'm going to go out into the streets and offer addicted women money to use birth control. In my naive mind, I didn't have a clue what a big deal this was. It's a little odd, actually. I said, "This will be the last one. PAT: When you first hear about this, what goes through your mind? LULU: So far. She was totally an oops kid. [laughs[ So yeah, it's embarrassing, but I believe everything happens for a reason. CARL ZIMMER: Just until they hatch and then 'til they go off. [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: Whats this letter right here? You've got these toads who hate water. Where we began, they will accomplish. I said, "No, no, that's okay." [ARCHIVAL CLIP, Jad Abumrad: Well lets lets read the book first. ROBERT: So, somehow, by some chemical mechanism, starving grandpa, back when he was about 9 to 12 years old, turned out to be a good thing. CARL ZIMMER: They'd spend more time in the water. And what about the four kids that weren't raised with Barbara? SAM KEAN: They wanted to see basically the effects of starvation on multiple generations. Because, you know, that Ive got these two kids, right? It's writer, Sam Kean again, and here's, he says, what you need to know about the midwife toad. That's it. His famous example was giraffes. DESTINY HARRIS: Not been born at all. JAD: And then, Michael just launched into this thing. JAD: Who now works at Columbia University. Did you know there is a part of this show is gonna be like crazy breaking news, like happened yesterday and we already have a deep take on it? Maybe like those methyl things we were telling you about with the rats. Or did I somehow learn that? She's 20 months old. According to Darwin, life and changes are ruled by chance. They decided to explore this question. Find ratings and reviews for the newest movie and TV shows. You're finishing college, right? "She's born and tested positive for PCP crack and heroin." In any case, what they saw at the end of all this counting wasWell, first of all, what they saw was this pattern that rat pups who got licked a lot as babies, when they grew up, they licked their babies a lot and the rat pups who didn't get licked a lot, when they grew up, they didn't lick their babies. So he's got to live his life as a toad with all this baggage on him? LATIF: Oh you said it so much more diplomatically. by Nolan Moore. I was just pissed at what they have done to my children. Go to him. That's 9, 10, 11. I know! ", BARBARA HARRIS: And I called my husband again at work and said, "They want to know if we want to take the baby." The show in in the radiolab eye sky transcript of was interested in his life In And bring the eye Amount of long-distance Runners and they had a Radiolab podcast about it and they. CARL ZIMMER: mouse or rat? Knock it right off the DNA. Maybe like those methyl things we were telling you about with the rats. As Barbara made the rounds on the daytime talk shows, the reaction was split right down the middle. You mean, if you had a starving grandfather, you would be a healthier boy for the because you had a starving grandfather? Tell me what your image of a drug-using pregnant woman is. Is that what you're saying? If you start smoking when you're 10, 11 something like that, you end up having children with more problems. You can't change your DNA. So we did stop. He'd fall asleep and just wake up screaming. [ARCHIVAL Clip, News: Barbara Harris's solution is simpler than anything else out there. So FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: So we start looking at maternal care. I have to be creative.". He's not even eating at all. DESTINY HARRIS: Kick it to him. Yeah, there you go. Were there any consequences? LYNN PALTROW: Are there people whose drug use is so out of control they can't parent? She's somewhere, but it's not good from what we've heard. CARL ZIMMER: So they can grab onto the female and hold tight while they're mating. Last I heard she was living on the streets in LA. And Destiny was in the other room, sleeping or something, I'm not sure. To any drug-addicted woman who will agree to have no more babies. And um BARBARA HARRIS: I had asked for a newborn, so when the social worker called me, she said, "I have this cute little baby girl for you but she's eight months old. I mean, he hates water. I want to start with a parental day dream for a second. Plus, find other cool things we did in the past like miniseries, music videos, short films and animations, behind-the-scenes features, Radiolab live shows, and more. FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: Yes, yes. Inheritance | Radiolab Podcast 4,710 views Apr 8, 2022 Radiolab 43.8K subscribers From the Radiolab podcast: How your grandfather's diet can affect your lifespan, heart health and even. Covid has disrupted the most basic routines of our days and nights. I mean like, with the licking, is it a teaching thing where, you know, the babies become good mothers because FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: They've seen it and they've repeated the experience. Never mind, you're stuck with small boobies." RADIOLAB Podcast "Inheritance" Homework Assignment Name: Rohan Desai PSUID: 9 6241 8529 Listen to the first three stories of the "Inheritance" Radiolab Podcast (Control + click on link to access podcast. In those books you can read everything about the citizens of verkalix, going back hundreds of years. They began to grow these all puffy things on their hands. She actually emailed me afterwards and adjusted that number down a couple hundred. You know? ", SAM KEAN: "They can respond to the environment.". If you were a great rat mommy, what would you be doing with your rat baby? What happens, it'll get stuck to one little part of the DNA and now that little bit of DNA And these things are called, apparently, methyl groups. What does it look like? But in the middle of a conversation about how to fight the virus, we find a place impervious to the stalled plans and frenetic demands of the outside world. JAD: So he's got to live his life as a toad with all this baggage on him? KARIN BORGKVIST LJUNG: Cancer. Let me say this again. You're obviously a great mom, but that feels cold to me. It was something they acquired during their lifetime. PAT: For me, this whole story really shifted PAT: When I started spending some time with Destiny, Barbara's 22-year-old daughter. At the Vivarium, as the name suggests, they have live animals. And, I mean, I have straight A's and I'm making it work. ], [ARCHIVAL Clip, Panel: What's the worst thing you have been called by one of your critics? 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